Around the year 2000, digital slide scanners became commercially available, and whole-slide imaging (WSI) started to become increasingly common. In 1980, video cameras became widely available, leading to further improvement of available systems.
From the 1970s on, new tools were developed that allowed for easier measurement of cellular or tissue components. It started with measuring and counting when Leeuwenhoek developed a system to measure microscopic objects in the 17 th century.Īlthough there were many incremental advances throughout the centuries, image analysis remained largely unchanged until the advent of digital imaging and computerized analysis in the second half of the last century. The origin of analyzing images with objective tools is almost as old as microscopy itself. The term “image analysis” has been reserved for the specific discipline that aims to obtain meaningful information from images in an objective and reproducible manner.
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In addition, we provide examples of areas in which these tools are currently utilized to generate data in preclinical and clinical workflows that go beyond the conventional histopathological data provided by manual pathology review.
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This white paper provides an introduction to the digital analysis of scanned tissue slides and outlines the current state of available software tools as well as their advantages and their limitations. Tissue image analysis, when performed correctly, can result in the generation of tissue-derived readouts that are precise and highly reproducible. This process of digitization of glass slides, in combination with the development of specialized software tools to identify and measure events previously observed via a microscope, has brought about the ability for pathologists to utilize digital image analysis on tissue sections. Modern pathology practice is moving toward a digital workflow, cumulating in utilizing computer screens to view scanned histology slides.
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